India shows overall groundwater improvement despite increased extraction in several states

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A Rajya Sabha reply tabled on Monday showed India's overall groundwater extraction has improved since 2017, with the national extraction stage at 60.63% in 2025, marginally above 2024 but below the 63.33% of 2017.
However, several states including Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Assam and Gujarat recorded increased extraction in 2025 compared with 2024, while water-stressed states like Rajasthan, Kerala and Delhi showed improvement.
Punjab, Rajasthan and Haryana still extract groundwater far in excess of annual recharge, with extraction stages of 156.36%, 147.11% and 136.75% respectively.
Of the country's 6,762 assessment units, 730 are classified as over-exploited and 201 as critical, meaning extraction exceeds or is close to exceeding annual replenishment.

Whether the increases in Himachal Pradesh, J&K, Assam and Gujarat continue in the next annual assessment
Whether critical and semi-critical assessment units slip further into over-exploited categories
Whether high-stress states like Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan show sustained improvement in extraction stages

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