The record
Written from the 1 report below. Nothing here is unsourced.
- The Arctic is becoming a zone of competition among Russia, China, and the United States, driven by its strategic location, military value, natural resources, and shipping routes made more accessible by climate change.
- Russia holds the largest presence, controlling about half the land and maritime economic zone north of the Arctic Circle and maintaining 30 military sites, though its capabilities do not match NATO's overall.
- Cooperation between Russia and the West, built through the Arctic Council after the Cold War, has largely been suspended since the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, with Finland and Sweden joining NATO and the region now broadly split between Russia and the alliance.
- US interest has intensified with Trump's calls for Greenland to become part of the United States, while China, despite having no Arctic territory, calls itself a 'near-Arctic state' and has conducted joint Arctic patrols with Russia.
What to watch next
- Whether the US pushes further on its claims over Greenland and how Denmark and NATO respond
- The extent of Russia-China Arctic cooperation, including joint patrols and use of the Northern Sea Route
- How shrinking sea ice affects shipping traffic and access to Arctic minerals and resources
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Named Russia · China · United States · Denmark · Finland · Sweden · Canada · Iceland · Norway · Greenland · Arctic Council · Donald Trump · Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland · Kanishka Singharia · NATO · Royal United Services Institute
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